Stephanofilaria thelazioides n. sp. (Nematoda: Filariidae) from a hippopotamus and its affinities with the species parasitic in the African black rhinoceros |
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Authors: | J Boomker O Bain A Chabaud N P J Kriek |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Medical University of Southern Africa, 0204 Medunsa, Republic of South Africa;(2) Laboratoire de Biologie Parasitaire, Protistologie, Helminthologie, CNRS-URA 114, Muséum National d' Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;(3) Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, 0110 Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa |
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Abstract: | Stephanofilaria thelazioides n. sp. (Filarioidea: Filariidae: Stephanofilariinae) is described from a hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius. This nematode is close to S. dinniki Round, 1964, a parasite of the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis in Africa, but differs from it in the number of cuticular spines surrounding the mouth, the arrangement of the cloacal papillae and the measurements of the spicules, gubernaculum and microfilariae. Species of the genus Stephanofilaria possess spines on the head which have been derived by modification of the sensory papillae. S. thelazioides is the most primitive species of the genus and has the least modified arrangement of these papillae, with six bifid internal labial spines, four bifid external labial spines and four cephalic papillae. The genus appears to have diversified in various mammals which have in common a thick skin, such as rhinoceroses, elephants, buffaloes and now the hippopotamus. It appears to have become adapted secondarily to domestic bovines, initially in Asia and subsequently in North America. |
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