Dietary sphingomyelin attenuates hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice |
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| Institution: | 1. CIAFEL – Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;2. Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Obesity & Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario de Navarra (IdiSNA), CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain;3. Mass spectrometry Centre, UI-QOPNA Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal;4. CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;5. Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;1. Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland;2. Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland;1. Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA;2. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, MNGHA, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;4. VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11209;5. Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA;1. Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Department of Neonatology, KTPH- Children Medical Insitute, National University Healthcare System, Singapore;3. Dept of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore;1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, PR China;2. Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;2. Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA |
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| Abstract: | Western-type diets can induce obesity and related conditions such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. We evaluated the effects of milk sphingomyelin (SM) and egg SM on diet-induced obesity, the development of hepatic steatosis and adipose inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat, cholesterol-enriched diet for 10 weeks. Mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) (n=10), a high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) (HFD, n=14) or a high-fat diet modified to contain either 0.1% (w/w) milk SM (n=14) or 0.1% (w/w) egg SM (n=14). After 10 weeks, egg SM ameliorated weight gain, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia induced by HFD. Both egg SM and milk SM attenuated hepatic steatosis development, with significantly lower hepatic triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol relative to HFD. This reduction in hepatic steatosis was stronger with egg SM supplementation relative to milk SM. Reductions in hepatic TGs observed with dietary SM were associated with lower hepatic mRNA expression of PPARγ-related genes: Scd1 and Pparg2 in both SM groups, and Cd36 and Fabp4 with egg SM. Egg SM and, to a lesser extent, milk SM reduced inflammation and markers of macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. Egg SM also reduced skeletal muscle TG content compared to HFD. Overall, the current study provides evidence of dietary SM improving metabolic complications associated with diet-induced obesity in mice. Further research is warranted to understand the differences in bioactivity observed between egg and milk SM. |
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