Girdling induces oxidative damage and triggers enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences in Citrus leaves |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China;2. Marine Laboratory, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA;3. College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;1. Pathobiology Department, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH;2. Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH;3. Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH;1. Stranski Laboratory of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany;2. Chemical Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;1. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, V.le Fanin, 44 40127, Bologna, Italy;2. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura [Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments], Italy;3. CER Consorzio per il Canale Emiliano Romagnolo, Italy;1. Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 22030, USA;3. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA |
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| Abstract: | The effects of girdling on oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activity, antioxidant metabolites and proline (Pro) were studied in leaves arising from different shoot types of potted 2-year-old ‘Loretina’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees during the spring flush period. Girdling increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and basal chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence (Fo) in young leaves 30 days after girdling but not in the mature leaves (ML) suggesting a disruption of photosynthetic apparatus and oxidative damage in young leaves. This phenomenon was accompanied by increasing levels of Pro. Paralleling these changes, an increase of all antioxidant enzyme activities occurred in leaves from vegetative (VG) and multiflowered leafy shoots (MLY) of girdled trees. Similarly, in ML of girdled trees, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity also increased. However, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity decreased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unchanged. Total leaf carbohydrate content and starch also increased as a result of girdling in all shoot types. Whilst soluble sugars increased markedly in young leaves, they increased only slightly in ML. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that girdling gives rise to oxidative damage in Citrus during carbohydrate accumulation, triggering enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence mechanisms. |
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