The mechanism(s) involved in the photoprotection of PSII at elevated CO2 in nodulated alfalfa plants |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;2. Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;3. Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada;4. Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran;5. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan;6. Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia;7. Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia;8. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia;9. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia;10. Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Matbuat Avenue 2a, Baku 1073, Azerbaijan |
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| Abstract: | In a previous study, we found that enhanced CO2 subjected to nodulated alfalfa plants grown at different temperatures (ambient and ambient + 4 °C) and water availability regimes could protect PSII from photodamage. The main objective of this study was to determine the mechanism(s) involved in the photoprotection of PSII at elevated CO2 levels in this plant. Elevated CO2 reduced carboxylation capacity-induced photosynthetic acclimation and reduced enzymatic and/or nonenzymatic antioxidant activities, suggesting that changes in electron flow did not cause any photooxidative damage (which was also confirmed by H2O2 and lipid peroxidation analyses). Enhanced nonphotochemical quenching and xanthophyll cycle pigments revealed that plants grown at 700 μmol mol−1 CO2 compensated for the reduction in energy sink with a larger capacity for nonphotochemical dissipation of excitation energy as heat, i.e., modulating the status of the VAZ components. Elevated CO2 induced the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, facilitating thermal dissipation and protecting the photosynthetic apparatus against the deleterious effect of excess excitation energy. |
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