中国植被地理学:从传统植被地理学到功能植被地理学

本文回顾总结了我国植被地理学发展的历史,展望了其从传统植被地理学到功能地理学的未来研究趋势。作为研究植被地理分布规律的一门科学,植被地理学在我国经历了与社会经济发展密切相关的四个阶段：早期起步阶段,主要是新中国成立前(1920年代—1949)的植物地理学和植被地理学的零星工作;初期成长阶段,主要是新中国成立后至改革开放前(1949—1980)的传统植被地理学研究;中期迅速发展阶段,主要包括改革开放后至经济迅速发展时期(1980—2000),在全球气候变化国际研究背景下的植被地理学研究;近期转型与拓展阶段,主要是国民经济平稳发展及信息时代(2000—至今),面向全球环境变化的植被地理学研究的纵深发展。经过近百年的发展,在植被综合区划与生态功能区划、中国植被分类系统订正、中国植被图与植被志编纂、古植被地理学、植被地理模拟预测与情景分析、植物功能性状和生态化学计量学的功能植被地理学等6个方面取得了可喜成果。今后,需要在以下4个方面开展更广泛的精细与纵深研究：加强更多精细化的植被地理学研究,编纂新一代中国植被图与中国植被志;深入开展人类干扰的植被地理学研究;以植物性状研究为契机,拓展宏观功能植...

Vegetation geography in China: from traditional vegetation geography to functional vegetation geography

This paper looked back and summarized the history of the vegetation geography development in China, and looked forward its future research tendencies from traditional vegetation geography to functional vegetation geography. As a science of studying the geographical distribution of vegetation, the China''s vegetation geography underwent four phases closely related to the country''s socioeconomic development. The first phase is an early stage of start-up before the establishment of the new China (1920s-1949). The main works were a small amount of investigations of plant geography and vegetation geography. The second phase is an initial stage of new growth after the buildup of new China and before the reform and open of the country (1949-1980). During this stage the traditional studies of vegetation geography were still the major contents. The third phase is a mid-term development after the reform and open to the eve of the rapid economic progress (1980-2000). In this stage ecologists focused on some new vegetation geographical research under the global climate change. The last phase is the recent stage of transformation and prolongation in an information era with steady development of the national economy (2000-present). China''s vegetation geography came into a new stage of deep growth facing the worldwide environmental changes. During the nearly 100 years, we have gained fascinating achievements in six aspects:the comprehensive vegetation regionalization and ecological function division; revision of vegetation classification of the Chinese vegetation; compilation of vegetation map and vegegraphy of China; palaeovegetation geography; simulation, prediction and scenario analysis of vegetation pattern; and functional vegetation geography based on analyses of plant functional traits and ecological stoichiometry. Hereafter, more finer and deeper research in the following four aspects needs to be paid more attention:strengthening more detailed and elaborated studies on classic vegetation geography; compiling the next-generation vegetation atlas and vegegraphy of China; carrying out the intensive study of anthropogenic vegetation geography; enhancing the investigation of functional vegetation macro-geography taking the plant trait study as an opportunity; and launching the long-term study of functional vegetation geography along with phylogeography in ways of intersection and fusion.