结合生态系统服务供需和人类福祉的区域规划

生态系统服务与人类福祉的和谐关系是区域规划的基石。现有的区域规划较少同时考虑生态系统服务的供需和流域居民的福祉差异。以城市化流域——官厅水库流域为例，应用改进后的CASA模型、IPCC清单法、SolVES模型和问卷调查量化食物供给、碳固持和文化服务以及人类福祉，再结合服务的供需关系及人类福祉水平开展聚类分区，并针对各区情况提出规划建议。结果显示，官厅水库流域内食物供给和文化服务供大于求，而碳固持服务供不应求。流域福祉位于中等水平，分值为3.44(满分5分)。其中，居民的基本物质需求分值最高(3.64),收入分值(3.00)明显低于流域整体水平。除此之外，居民认为供水、医疗条件和收入这些福祉要素仍有待改善。流域可分为城市发展区、城郊休闲区、生态涵养区和文化建设区。在各区需采用因地制宜的方式，通过增大植被覆盖面、开展文旅产业和推动冰雪项目等形式，提高居民生活质量和维持区域可持续性。

Combining supply and demand of ecosystem services and human well-being for regional planning

The harmonious relationship between ecosystem service and human well-being is the foundation of regional planning. However, few studies have integrated the supply and demand of ecosystem service and the differences in the well-being of local residents in the watersheds into regional planning, which could lead to biased policies which focus on either ecological conservation or human well-being. Here, this study took the urbanizing watershed-the Guanting Reservoir Watershed as the research region, which includes the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games (Zhangjiakou city) and some counties that were labeled as impoverish counties before 2021. This study applied the improved CASA model, the IPCC inventory method, and the SolVES model to quantify the supply and demand of three ecosystem services (i.e., food provision, carbon sequestration and cultural service), and collected questionnaires face to face to quantify the satisfaction and importance of human well-being from multiple dimensions (i.e., basic material needs, health, security and income). Then, we divided the watershed into four sub-regions based on the result of supply-demand relationship for ecosystem service and the level of human well-being by the cluster analysis. On this basis, place-based planning suggestions were formed according to their features and existing policies. The results showed that the supply of food provision and cultural service were greater than the demand, while the supply of carbon sequestration was less than the demand, with supply-demand ratios of 135.6%, 193.5% and 27.8%, respectively. Local residents'' well-being was at a medium level, with an average score of 3.44 out of 5. Among the four dimensions of human well-being, the residents'' score for basic material demand (3.64) was the highest; the score for income (3.00) was significantly lower than the overall level, and the scores for health and security were 3.53 and 3.58, respectively. In addition, local residents believed that water provision, medical condition, and income were highly important for the quality of life and should be further improved. The watershed can be divided into urban development subregion (high cultural service supply and demand-high well-being), suburban recreation subregion (high food provision supply and demand-medium well-being), ecological conservation subregion (low cultural service supply and demand-high well-being) and cultural construction subregion (high cultural service supply and demand-low well-being). It is recommended to adopt placed-based solutions in regional planning, such as increasing vegetation coverage, developing cultural tourism industries, and promoting ice and snow projects to improve residents'' quality of life and maintain regional sustainability.