The Spatial Distribution of Fungi on Decomposing Woody Litter in a Freshwater Stream,Western Ghats,India |
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Authors: | Kandikere R Sridhar Naga M Sudheep |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, 574 199, Karnataka, India |
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Abstract: | We mapped filamentous fungal association with mechanically “hard” and “soft” woody litter naturally deposited in a stream
of the Western Ghats of India. Using a durometer (rubber hardness tester), the toughness of surface of wood collected from
stream was determined by considering durometer reading from 60–72 to 30–37 as hardwood and softwood, respectively. From each
wood (1.5 cm diameter), two segments each of 3 cm length were excised and vertically cut into nine sections comprising eight
marginal and one central section. From three stream locations, hardwood and softwood sections were assessed for the occurrence
of lignicolous and Ingoldian fungi. A first set of wood sections was incubated in damp chambers up to 4 months with periodical
screening (every 2 weeks) for lignicolous fungi. Another set was incubated in bubble chambers up to 72 h to ascertain colonization
of Ingoldian fungi. In hardwood sections, 17 lignicolous fungi (ascomycetes, four; mitosporic fungi, 13; mean, 6.8; range,
6–8/section) and ten Ingoldian fungi (mean, 2; range, 0–4/section) comprising nine lignicolous (11.1–40.7%) and three Ingoldian
(11.1–14.8%) fungi as core-group taxa were recovered. In softwood, ten lignicolous fungi (ascomycetes, 0; mitosporic fungi,
ten; mean, 3.8; range, 2–5/section) and 26 Ingoldian fungi (mean, 8.1; range, 5–10/section) comprising six lignicolous (11.1–85.2%)
and 12 Ingoldian (11.1–88.9%) fungi as core-group taxa were recovered. The ratio of lignicolous fungi/Ingoldian fungi was
higher in hardwood than softwood (1.7 vs. 0.4). The spore output of Ingoldian fungi was higher in softwood (mean, 901 g−1; range, 80–2546 g−1) than hardwood (mean, 21 g−1; range, 0–140 g−1). The Shannon diversity of lignicolous fungi was higher in hardwood than softwood (3.604 vs. 2.665), whereas it was opposite
for Ingoldian fungi (3.116 vs. 3.918). The overall fungal diversity was higher in softwood than hardwood (4.413 vs. 4.219).
The range of Jaccard’s index of similarity among wood sections was higher in lignicolous fungi (8–71% and 13–75%) than Ingoldian
fungi (0–50% and 8–55%) in hardwood and softwood. The rarefaction indices of expected number of taxa against hardwood sections
revealed higher and persistent lignicolous fungi than the Ingoldian fungi, while the Ingoldian fungi were persistent in softwood
sections, although they were lower than lignicolous fungi. Our study demonstrated the dominance of lignicolous fungi and Ingoldian
fungi in hardwood and softwood, respectively. |
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