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Phytochemical and Cytogenetic Characterization of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae) from Croatia
Authors:Ivana Carev  Mirko Ruščić  Mirjana Skočibušić  Ana Maravić  Sonja Siljak‐Yakovlev  Olivera Politeo
Institution:1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Split, Croatia;2. Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Split, Split, Croatia;3. Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University of Paris‐Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris‐Saclay, Orsay Cedex
Abstract:The cytogenetic characterization of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae) showed a chromosome number of 2n = 16. Karyotype is composed by four pairs of metacentric, two pairs of submetacentric and two pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes. Physical mapping of two rDNA probes revealed two loci of 35S and one locus of 5S rRNA genes. Chromomycin fluorochrome banding revealed that all rDNA loci were GC rich. The genome size (2C‐value) of 1.95 pg classes this species in the group of very small genomes. Chemical composition of Csolstitialis volatile oil (VO) from Croatia, studied with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed dominant components as it follows: hexadecanoic acid, α‐linolenic acid, germacrene D and heptacosane. Antioxidant capacity, measured by ferric reducing power assay and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl methods, as well as inhibition of acetyl‐ and butyrylcholinesterase of VO was lower comparing to a standard solutions. Volatile oil tested with disc diffusion method showed good inhibitory potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and all tested fungi: Candida albicans, Penicillium funiculosum and Aspergillus fumigatus. The microdilution method showed best activity against Chronobacter sakazakii and Afumigatus.
Keywords:Antimicrobial activities     Centaurea solstitialis     Cytogenetic profile  Volatile oil  Genome size  Cholinesterase inhibition  Antioxidant capacity
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