基于天然水凝胶的生物材料在骨组织工程中的应用*

天然水凝胶是指原材料来自于天然生物材料的水凝胶。由于这种天然的聚合物含有构成生物体的天然成分,与天然组织具有生物学和化学相似性,而受到特别关注。天然水凝胶由于其与细胞外基质高度的相似性被认为是骨组织工程中优良的仿生基质材料。而针对天然水凝胶机械性能差、成骨诱导性能弱等缺陷,通常需要对天然水凝胶进行改性、引入其他材料或生物活性因子,以此来获得更适用于骨组织工程支架材料。对近年来基于天然水凝胶的生物材料在骨组织工程的应用,与其不同的应用形式(可注射水凝胶、多孔水凝胶支架、3D生物打印水凝胶支架等)进行了概述,以期对这类基于天然水凝胶的生物材料在未来骨组织工程中的应用提供参考。

The Application of Biomaterials Based on Natural Hydrogels in Bone Tissue Engineering

Natural hydrogels refers to hydrogels, as a kind of raw materials, are derived from natural biological materials. Because this kind of natural polymers contains natural components of life structures, and its biological and chemical properties are similar to those of natural tissues,it receives special attentions. Natural hydrogels are considered to be excellent biomimetic matrix materials in bone tissue engineering due to their high degree of similarity to extracellular matrix. Due to the poor mechanical properties and weak osteogenic induction properties, the natural hydrogels are usually modified by introducing other materials or bioactive factors to obtain a more suitable composite biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications. The application of natural hydrogel——based biomaterials in bone tissue engineering are summarized. Also summaries the different application forms of injectable hydrogels, porous hydrogel scaffold, and 3D bioprinting hydrogel scaffold in recent years, in order to provide a reference for the application of such natural hydrogel-based biomaterials in future bone tissue engineering.