华北大黑鳃金龟引诱剂配方筛选及引诱效果评价

【目的】筛选可有效引诱华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita成虫的引诱剂配方用于生态防控。【方法】选取5种植物挥发物、2种华北大黑鳃金龟聚集信息素和1种性信息素,根据各化合物单体最佳引诱浓度进行两两混配,得到植物挥发物+聚集信息素、植物挥发物+性信息素和聚集信息素+性信息素共17种二元引诱剂配方。通过触角电位(EAG)反应和趋性行为反应逐步筛选出引诱效果较好的配方。将所筛选配方与其单一组分通过趋性行为反应进行引诱效果比较,并通过室内笼罩诱捕检验配方对华北大黑鳃金龟成虫的引诱效果。【结果】通过EAG反应及趋性行为反应从17种二元引诱剂配方中逐步筛选出了对华北大黑鳃金龟成虫具有较强引诱作用的3种配方,即顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯,1-己醇+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯,它们引起的华北大黑鳃金龟雌虫EAG反应相对值分别为5 981%, 5 796%和5 722%,引起的雄虫EAG反应相对值分别为3 983%, 4 712%和3 809%。趋性行为反应试验中,引起华北大黑鳃金龟成虫选择反应率最高的为配方邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯,成虫选择反应率达71.21%,其次为配方1-己醇+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯和顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯,成虫选择反应率分别达到70.84%和70.72%,均显著高于其他配方引起的选择反应率。3种二元组分引诱剂配方与其单一组分引诱效果的比较表明,配方顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯对单一组分顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯具有显著的增效作用,而对顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯增效作用不明显;配方1-己醇+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯均对其单一组分增效作用显著。室内笼罩诱捕结果表明,配方顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯,1-己醇+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯引诱成虫数均极显著高于石蜡油对照,配方顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯引起的选择反应率最高,达74.06%;其次为配方1-己醇+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯,引起的选择反应率分别达到65.89%和64.25%;但3种配方引起的华北大黑鳃金龟成虫的选择反应率之间无显著性差异。【结论】顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯,1-己醇+顺-9-十八烯乙酸酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯+甘氨酸甲酯这3种二元引诱剂配方对华北大黑鳃金龟成虫均具有较强的引诱作用,均可作为用于生态治理华北大黑鳃金龟的有效引诱剂。

Screening and evaluation of semiochemical mixtures attractingHolotrichia oblita(Coleoptera: Melolonthidae)

【Aim】 To find effective attractant formulations for trapping Holotrichia oblitafor ecological prevention and control. 【Methods】 Five plant volatiles, two aggregationpheromones and one sex pheromone were selected. According to the optimal concentration ofeach chemical, these compounds were mixed in pairs. A total of 17 binary attractantformulations were obtained, including plant volatiles plus aggregation pheromones, plantvolatiles plus sex pheromones and aggregation pheromones plus sex pheromones. Based on theelectro-antennogram (EAG) and taxis, the formulations with high attractiveness to H.oblita adults were gradually screened. Then, the trapping efficacies of these formulationsand their single components on H. oblita adults were compared, and the attractiveness ofthese formulations was tested by trapping test in the indoor cage. 【Results】 Three binaryattractant formulations cis-3-hexenyl acetate+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate, 1-hexanol+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate, and dibutyl phthalate+methyl glycate with strong attractiveness toH. oblita adults were screened from 17 attractant formulations by EAG and taxis tests,causing the EAG responses of 5 981%, 5 796% and 5 722%, respectively, in females, and 3983%, 4 712% and 3 809%, respectively, in males. The formulation dibutyl phthalate+methylglycate caused the highest selective response rate (71.21%) in H. oblita adults, followedby the formulations 1-hexanol+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate and cis-3-hexenyl acetate+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate (70.84% and 70.72%, respectively), causing significantly higherselective response rate than other formulations. The results of comparison ofattractiveness between three formulations and their single components showed that theformulation cis-3-hexenyl acetate+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate showed significantsynergistic effect on cis-3-hexenyl acetate but showed no significant synergistic effecton cis-9-octadecyl acetate. Both the formulations 1-hexanol+(Z)-9-octadecene acetateand dibutyl phthalate+methyl glycate showed significant synergistic effect on theirrespective single components. The results of indoor caged trapping showed that the numbersof adults trapped by the formulations cis-3-hexenyl acetate+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate, 1-hexanol+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate and dibutyl phthalate+methyl glycate weresignificantly higher than that of the control (paraffine oil). The formulationcis-3-hexenyl acetate+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate caused the highest selective responserate (74.06%) in H. oblita adults, while the formulations 1-hexanol+(Z)-9-octadeceneacetate and dibutyl phthalate+methyl glycate caused the selective response rates of 65.89%and 64.25%, respectively. The selective response rates in H. oblita adults caused by thethree formulations, however, showed no significant difference. 【Conclusion】 The binaryattractant formulations cis-3-hexenyl acetate+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate, 1-hexanol+(Z)-9-octadecene acetate, and dibutyl phthalate+methyl glycate show strong attractiveness toH. oblita adults and can be used as effective attractants to ecologically control thisinsect.