Resin-based defenses in conifers |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia;2. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia;4. Institute of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;5. Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;1. Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada;2. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada;3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States;1. Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pontevedra, Apdo 28, Pontevedra, 36080, Spain;2. Extracción de Resina Touza, Lugar de Maúnzo 25 Xeve, 36150, Pontevedra, Spain;3. Department of Functional Biology, Area of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain;1. Department of Nature Protection and Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;2. Chair of Environment Shaping and Protection, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;1. Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. CESEFOR, Forestry Services and Promotion Centre of Castilla y León, Polígono Industrial “Las Casas”, Calle C, Parcela 4., 42005 Soria, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Bark beetle infestation and associated fungal infection are a serious disease problem in conifer species. Conifers have evolved elaborate, constitutive and inducible, terpene-based defense mechanisms to deter insect pests and their symbiotic fungal pathogens. This process involves the secretion of oleoresin, a complex mixture of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenoid acids. Induced oleoresinosis in grand fir (Abies grandis) provides a model system for studying the regulation of defensive terpene biosynthesis and for identifying relevant genes. The ecological relationships between conifers, beetle pests, beetle predators and fungal pathogens present several possible avenues for manipulating oleoresin composition to improve tree resistance. Possible examples include chemically disguising the host, adding toxins and altering the levels of pheromone precursors, attractants for predators or hormone mimics to disrupt insect development. Strategies and prospects for generating transgenic conifers with increased defense capability are discussed. |
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