Discriminative stimulus effects of caffeine: tolerance and cross-tolerance with methylphenidate |
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| Authors: | S G Holtzman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Endocannabinoids & NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U862, 33077 Bordeaux, France;2. University of Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France;1. Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Center of Physical Education and Sports, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil;1. Division of Combustion Engines, Lund University, Sweden;2. Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Sweden;3. Division of Combustion Physics, Lund University, Sweden;4. CMT Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Twice daily injection of caffeine (30 mg/kg) for 3-1/2 days shifted the caffeine stimulus generalization curve to the right by 3-fold in rats trained to discriminate saline from 30 mg/kg of caffeine, and by 4-fold in rats trained to discriminate saline from 10 mg/kg of caffeine. The latter group was also tested for cross-tolerance with methylphenidate, a drug that generalizes completely with caffeine. Twice daily injection of caffeine (30 mg/kg) for 3-1/2 days increased the ED50 of methylphenidate for caffeine-appropriate responding from 1.5 to 5.5 mg/kg. Conversely, injections of methylphenidate (3.0 mg/kg) increased the ED50 of caffeine from 5.2 to 15 mg/kg. The development of symmetrical cross-tolerance to the discriminative effects of caffeine and to the caffeine-like discriminative effects of methylphenidate supports previous observations suggesting commonalities in the cellular bases of the stimulus properties of these drugs. |
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