Tungstate can substitute for molybdate in sustaining growth of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum

Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (strain Marburg) was found to grow on media supplemented with tungstate rather than with molybdate. The Archaeon then synthesized a tungsten iron-sulfur isoenzyme of formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase. The isoenzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity and shown to be composed of four different subunits of apparent molecular masses 65 kDa, 53 kDa, 31 kDa, and 15 kDa and to contain per mol 0.4 mol tungsten, <0.05 mol molybdenum, 8 mol non-heme iron, 8 mol acid-labile sulfur and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. Its molecular and catalytic properties were significantly different from those of the molybdenum isoenzyme characterized previously. The two isoenzymes also differed in their metal specificity: the active molybdenum isoenzyme was only synthesized when molybdenum was available during growth whereas the active tungsten isoenzyme was also generated during growth of the cells on molybdate medium. Under the latter conditions the tungsten isoenzyme was synthesized containing molybdenum rather than tungsten.Abbreviations MFR methanofuran - CHO-MFR N-formylmethanofuran - MGD molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide - MAD molybdopterin adenine dinucleotide - MHD molybdopterin hypoxanthine dinucleotide - FPLC fast protein liquid chromatography - SDS/PAGE sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry