Loss of retinoblastoma but not p16 function allows bypass of replicative senescence in human fibroblasts |
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Authors: | Wei Wenyi Herbig Utz Wei Shan Dutriaux Annie Sedivy John M |
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Affiliation: | Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. |
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Abstract: | Current models envision replicative senescence to be under dual control by the p53 and retinoblastoma (RB) tumour-suppressor pathways. The role of the p16INK4a–RB pathway is controversial, and the function of RB in human cells has not been tested directly. We used targeted homologous recombination to knock out one copy of RB in presenescent human fibroblasts. During entry into senescence, RB+/− cells underwent spontaneous loss of heterozygosity and the resultant RB−/− clones bypassed senescence. The extended lifespan phase was eventually terminated by a crisis-like state. The same phenotype was documented for p21 CIP1/WAF1 and p53 heterozygous cells, indicating that loss of function of all three genes results in failure to establish senescence. By contrast, the abolition of p16 function by the expression of a p16-insensitive cyclin-dependent kinase 4 protein or siRNA-mediated knockdown provided only minimal lifespan extension that was terminated by senescence. We propose that p53, p21 and RB act in a linear genetic pathway to regulate cell entry into replicative senescence. |
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