Development of the resting sporangia ofSynchytrium endobioticum,the causal agent of potato wart disease

Summary An ultrastructural study of the development of the resting sporangium ofSynchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. infecting potato cells is presented. The resting sporangium is found to have a single large, centrally placed nucleus with a prominent nucleolus through its entirein situ development. The cytoplasmic organization of the resting sporangium is further characterized by numerous membrane-bound lipid bodies and osmiophilic bodies. The latter have a characteristic sieve-like appearance, probably because certain storage components have been extracted during preparation for electron microscopy. Because of the similar location and appearance of these osmiophilic bodies it is suggested that they are identical to what has earlier (based on light microscopy) been described as chromatin granules; and the ultrastructural studies presented here show that nucleolar discharge which was described from light microscopic observations as leading to chromatin granules in the cytoplasm, and finally forming the nuclei of the zoospores (bally 1912,curtis 1921,percival 1910) simply does not occur.The appearance of dense fibrillar-like structures on the sporangial surface at an early stage of resting sporangium development ultrastructurally distinguishes the resting sporangium from the zoosporangium. The development of the layered portion of the thick sporangial wall is shown to be due to the fusion of vacuoles containing pre-made wall fibrils with the cell membrane. It is suggested that the inner compact wall layer which is essentially substructureless is formed by the membrane itself.The characteristic wings of the matureS. endobioticum resting sporangium originate from the potato host cell wall. Remnants of host cell organelles in the outermost layer of the resting sporangium wall show that degradation of the host cell cytoplasm contributes to wall formation of the parasite.