Anti-inflammatory properties of α- and γ-tocopherol |
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Authors: | Elke Reiter Qing Jiang Stephan Christen |
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Institution: | aInstitute for Infectious Diseases, University of Berne, Friedbühlstrasse 51, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland;bInterdepartmental Nutrition Program, Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA |
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Abstract: | Natural vitamin E consists of four different tocopherol and four different tocotrienol homologues (α, β, γ, δ) that all have antioxidant activity. However, recent data indicate that the different vitamin E homologues also have biological activity unrelated to their antioxidant activity. In this review, we discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of the two major forms of vitamin E, α-tocopherol (αT) and γ-tocopherol (γT), and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms involved in these effects. While both tocopherols exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, supplementation with mixed (γT-enriched) tocopherols seems to be more potent than supplementation with αT alone. This may explain the mostly negative outcomes of the recent large-scale interventional chronic disease prevention trials with αT only and thus warrants further investigation. |
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Keywords: | Vitamin E Inflammation Redox signaling Protein kinase C Nuclear factor κ B Cyclooxygenase |
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