Inhibitory effect of chloroform extracts from Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. on fat accumulation |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;2. College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;1. The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;2. Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China;1. School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;2. College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;1. Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China;2. Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Longgang), Shenzhen, China;3. School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China;4. Department of Academic Research, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China;5. Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundExcess lipid accumulation can accelerate the development of various metabolic diseases. Blossoms of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. (CAVA) have been reported to possess inhibitory capacities on lipid deposition. However, the constituents responsible for the observed bioactivity and the underlying mechanisms are still not clearly understood.PurposeTo screen constituents from blossoms of CAVA with inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation and to explore the action mechanism.MethodsThe chloroform (CHL) extracts are prepared from blossoms of CAVA by fractional extraction and are characterized using LC-MS assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are induced with differentiation medium (DMI) and treated with CHL extracts. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice are further established and administrated with CHL extracts for 12 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Oil Red O staining, ELISA, RT-qPCR, western blot and 16S rRNA gene sequence methods are employed.Results14 compounds are identified in CHL extracts and trigonelline hydrochloride, nobiletin and 7-demethylsuberosin are most abundant. CHL extracts treatment significantly inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by regulating expression of preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα). CHL extracts intervention also significantly attenuate features of obesity and improved plasma biochemical profiles in HFD-fed mice. HFD-triggered hepatic steatosis and epididymal adipose tissues (EATs) hypertrophy are also reversed by CHL extracts administration through enhancing antioxidant responses and modulating lipogenesis and energy expenditure-related genes and proteins. 16S rRNA gene sequence data further show that CHL extracts enhance the diversity of gut microbiota. CHL extracts at lower concentrations reduce the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae. CHL extracts at higher doses markedly increase the abundance of Lachnospiraceae.ConclusionThese findings suggest that CHL extracts probably suppress lipid accumulation through inhibiting differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and attenuating metabolic syndromes in HFD-fed mice. |
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