Characterization and Ca2+-induced expression of calmodulin (CaM) in marine dinoflagellates |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;3. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic;1. Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;2. Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy;1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;2. Department of Community Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;3. Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;4. Biostatistics Center, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan;5. Fukuoka Sanno Hospital and International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Calmodulin (CaM) is one of the major Ca2+-binding proteins in the cells, and it plays multiple roles in several Ca2+ signaling pathways and regulating the activities of other proteins. In the present study, we characterized CaM genes from the marine dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Prorocentrum micans, and P. minimum, and examined their expression patterns upon the addition and chelation of calcium. Their cDNAs had same ORF length (450 bp) and encoded the same protein, but with few nucleotide differences in the ORF and different 3′- and 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs). The four CaM proteins consist of four EF-hand Ca2+-binding motifs, two N-terminal domains and two C-terminal domains, and they were highly conserved within eukaryotes. The CaM gene expressions in the tested species increased by calcium treatments; however, they were significantly down-regulated by the calcium-chelator EGTA. The CaM genes of the test species were inducible and regulated by different calcium doses, suggesting their major role in calcium regulation in dinoflagellates. |
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| Keywords: | Dinoflagellates CaM Calcium EF-hand EGTA Transcriptional response |
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