Health benefits and phenolic compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves: A comprehensive review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China;2. Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University – Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt;3. College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;4. Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;5. Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;6. Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;1. Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;2. Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia no. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibwdrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;3. MPED Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;1. Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of the drug, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;1. Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco, PR 85503-390, Brazil;2. Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;3. Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), 88318-112 Itajaí, SC, Brazil;4. Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790 - Jardim Universitário, CP 591, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundMoringa oleifera Lam (MO) is native to India and is a cash crop widely cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The health improving properties of MO has been studied from a long time ago for the numerous phenolic compounds, including vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, isothiocyanates, tannins and saponins, which are present in considerable amounts in the plant. A growing spectrum of therapeutic characteristics of MO leaves has been found and used in the remission or treatment of oxidative stress, liver disease, neurological disease, hyperglycemia and cancer.HypothesisThis review focused on researches applying MO or MO leaf extract as a functional food or cure against various disease and cellular injuries. We believed it would help the discovery of therapeutic application of MO and understanding of MO phytochemistry.MethodsThe data collected in this review were extracted from researches indexed in Web of Science, google scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus to find out health benefits and biological activities of MO leaves polyphenols. The studies reporting mechanistic route of phenolic compounds of MO leaves were also considered in the present study.ResultsIt has been reported that polyphenols of MO leaf have protective characteristics against neurodegenerative disorders through reducing DNA damage, activation of AchE activity and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. It has been reported that, they protected the kidney from damage caused by melamine through suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine, metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1). Similarly, methanol extract of MO leaves has low hypoglycemic attributes and attenuate the risk of diabetes caused by alloxan by enhancing lipid metabolism and stimulating insulin release, glucose uptake, and glycogen synthesis. In addition, MO leaves are becoming the best phytomedicine to reduce hypertension, which are naturally known as angiotensin-1converting enzyme (ACE), acetylcholinesterase, arginase and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors.ConclusionMO leaves extract as a health promoting food additives for human and animals due to its great protective effect against many diseases and the widely persistent environmental toxins which disrupted cellular metabolic function. More studies are required to use the phenolic compounds of MO leaves to develop and produce drugs for controlling and treatment of various diseases. |
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