Effects of storage conditions on the stability and distribution of clinical trace elements in whole blood and plasma: Application of ICP-MS |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia;2. Inorganic Chemistry, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia;3. Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Metro North Health Services District, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia;1. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic;2. Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavská 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic;3. Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic;4. Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic;5. Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia;1. Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain;2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Doctor Josep Laporte 2, 43204, Reus, Spain;1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw Poland;2. Diagnostics Laboratory for Teaching and Research, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;3. Department and Clinic of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;4. Department and Clinic of Pulmonology and Lung Cancers, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;5. Department of Professional Training in Clinical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;1. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece;2. Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, 15784, Greece;3. General Hospital “LAIKO”, Athens, 11527, Greece |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundKnowledge of trace element stability during sample handling and preservation is a prerequisite to produce reliable test results in clinical trace element analysis.MethodAn alkaline dissolution method has been developed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify eighteen trace element concentrations: vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, bromine, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony, iodine, mercury, thallium, lead, and bismuth in human blood, using a small sample volume of 0.1 mL. The study evaluated the comparative effects of storage conditions on the stability of nutritionally essential and non-essential elements in human blood and plasma samples stored at three different temperatures (4 °C, −20 °C and −80 °C) over a one-year period, and analysed at multiple time points. The distribution of these elements between whole blood and plasma and their distribution relationships are illustrated using blood samples from 66 adult donors in Queensland.ResultsThe refrigeration and freezing of blood and plasma specimens proved to be suitable storage conditions for many of the trace elements for periods up to six months, with essentially unchanged concentrations. Substantially consistent recoveries were obtained by preserving specimens at −20 °C for up to one year. Ultra-freezing of the specimens at −80 °C did not improve stability; but appeared to result in adsorption and/or precipitation of some elements, accompanied by a longer sample thawing time. A population sample study revealed significant differences between the blood and plasma concentrations of six essential elements and their relationships also varied significantly for different elements.ConclusionBlood and plasma specimens can be reliably stored at 4 °C for six months or kept frozen at −20 °C up to one year to obtain high quality test results of trace elements. |
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| Keywords: | Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Trace elements Sample storage Stability Blood and plasma |
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