Hair levels of heavy metals and essential elements in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil;3. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Toxicology, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil;5. Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;1. Department of Pharmacy, The 967th hospital of People''s Liberation Army, No.80, Shengli Road, Xigang, Dalian, Liaoning, 116021, China;2. Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37, Guoxue Alley, Wuhou, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China;1. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy;2. School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy;3. School of Pharmacy and Health Products, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy;1. Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland;2. Department of Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland;1. Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3. Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran;5. Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;1. Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, 150003, Yaroslavl, Russia;2. IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., 9, 119146, Moscow, Russia;3. RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198, Moscow, Russia;4. Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, 8602, Mo i Rana, Norway;5. Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya St., 29, 460000, Orenburg, Russia;6. Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave., 46, 460000, Orenburg, Russia |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundDisproportional heavy metals and essential elements were reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is obscure in etiology. Inevitably, the association is biased by diet and environmental factors.MethodsFifty pairs, one with ASD and the other living together from the same special school with cerebral palsy (CP), were recruited in Hangzhou (China), aged from 2 to 11 years old (74.0 % male). All samples were divided into two subgroups: preschool-aged (2–5 years old) and school-aged (6–10 years old). Heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb) and essential elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn) in hair were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy.ResultsThe children with ASD generally had lower hair levels of Mn (ASD 0.124 μg/g, CP 0.332 μg/g, P = 0.001) compared to the children with CP. After stratification for age, there were no significant differences detected in preschool-aged group. In school-aged group, the results exhibited the children with ASD had higher hair Pb (1.485 μg/g, 0.690 μg/g, P = 0.007) and Cu/Zn ratio (0.092, 0.060, P = 0.003), while hair Hg (0.254 μg/g, 0.353 μg/g, P = 0.016)、Mn (0.089 μg/g, 0.385 μg/g, P = 0.002)、Mg (17.81 μg/g, 24.53 μg/g, P = 0.014) and Zn (100.15 μg/g, 135.83 μg/g, P = 0.007) showed an opposite pattern.ConclusionsThese results suggest an imbalance of Mn in Chinese children with ASD. |
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| Keywords: | Autism spectrum disorder Cerebral palsy Trace elements Heavy metals Manganese |
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