Memorizing environmental signals through feedback and feedforward loops |
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Institution: | Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA |
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Abstract: | Cells in diverse organisms can store the information of previous environmental conditions for long periods of time. This form of cellular memory adjusts the cell's responses to future challenges, providing fitness advantages in fluctuating environments. Many biological functions, including cellular memory, are mediated by specific recurring patterns of interactions among proteins and genes, known as ‘network motifs.’ In this review, we focus on three well-characterized network motifs — negative feedback loops, positive feedback loops, and feedforward loops, which underlie different types of cellular memories. We describe the latest studies identifying these motifs in various molecular processes and discuss how the topologies and dynamics of these motifs can enable memory encoding and storage. |
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Keywords: | Cellular memory Network motifs Systems biology Computational modeling Feedback loops Desensitization Priming Phase separation Messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) granules |
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