Dietary alpha linolenic acid in pregnant mice and during weaning increases brain docosahexaenoic acid and improves recognition memory in the offspring |
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| Institution: | 1. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;2. Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;3. The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;4. Achva Academic College, Israel;5. School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel;6. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA;7. The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research – The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;2. School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK;3. Lipid Biology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan;2. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan;3. Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan;4. Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;5. AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan;6. Miyata Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for normal brain development and function. DHA is in danger of being significantly reduced in the human food supply, and the question of whether its metabolic precursor, the essential n-3 alpha linolenic acid (ALA) during pregnancy, can support fetal brain DHA levels for optimal neurodevelopment, is fundamental.Female mice were fed either ALA-enriched or Control diet during pregnancy and lactation. The direct effect of maternal dietary ALA on lipids was analyzed in liver, red blood cells, brain and brain vasculature, together with genes of fatty acid metabolism and transport in three-week-old offspring. The long-term effect of maternal dietary ALA on brain fatty acids and memory was studied in 19-week-old offspring.Three-week-old ALA offspring showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acids in liver, red blood cell, blood-brain barrier (BBB) vasculature and brain parenchyma, DHA enrichment in brain phospholipids and higher gene and protein expression of the DHA transporter, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, compared to Controls. 19-week-old ALA offspring showed higher brain DHA levels and better memory performance than Controls.The increased brain DHA levels induced by maternal dietary ALA during pregnancy-lactation, together with the up-regulated levels of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, may indicate a mode for greater DHA uptake with long-term impact on better memory in ALA offspring. |
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