Jamming and arrest of cell motion in biological tissues |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;2. Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;3. Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;4. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, ICREA and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom;2. Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, United Kingdom;3. Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;4. Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;5. Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;6. Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;7. James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;8. Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Université Paris 6, Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico-Chime Curie, Paris, France;2. Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore;4. Department of Physics, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan;5. Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France;1. Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;2. Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin;3. James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;4. Department of Physics and Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea;6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea;7. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea;8. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;1. Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Department of Engineering Mechanics and International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi׳an Jiaotong University, Xi׳an 710049, China |
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| Abstract: | Collective cell motility is crucial to many biological processes including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Recently, the biology and biophysics communities have begun to use the term ‘cell jamming’ to describe the collective arrest of cell motion in tissues. Although this term is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are varied. In this review, we highlight three independent mechanisms that can potentially drive arrest of cell motion — crowding, tension-driven rigidity, and reduction of fluctuations — and propose a framework that connects all three. Because multiple mechanisms may be operating simultaneously, this emphasizes that experiments should strive to identify which mechanism dominates in a given situation. We also discuss how specific cell-scale and molecular-scale biological processes, such as cell–cell and cell-substrate interactions, control aspects of these underlying physical mechanisms. |
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| Keywords: | Cell jamming Cell arrest Cell–cell adhesion Tissue mechanics Active matter Stress fluctuations |
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