Absorption,distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of oral selenium from organic and inorganic sources: A review |
| |
| Institution: | 1. The National Research Centre For The Working Environment, Lersø Park Alle 105, DK-2100, Denmark;2. National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark;1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 300, Taiwan;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 300, Taiwan;3. Department of Emergency Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237, Taiwan;4. Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan;5. Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237, Taiwan;6. Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan;7. School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan;1. Institute of Keshan Disease, Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;2. Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;3. Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China;4. The Second Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention of Jilin Province, Jilin 132000, China;5. Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention in Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China;6. Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China;7. Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710082, China;8. Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China;9. Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, China;10. Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China;11. Inner Mongolia Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huhehot 010031, China;12. Chinese Center for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China |
| |
| Abstract: | BackgroundSelenium is a trace element traditionally ingested either in its organic form via food or in its inorganic form through nutritional supplements, while selenium formulated as nanoparticles is a putative long-acting alternative. To understand the physiology and toxicology of the different selenium formulations, it is important to determine how their selenium content is absorbed, distributed, metabolised and excreted; therefore, we reviewed their biokinetics following oral exposure.MethodsWe retrieved and reviewed the literature on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of oral exposure to different forms of selenium.ResultsSelenium in both the organic form (containing carbon to selenium chemical bonds) and the inorganic form is absorbed into the blood in humans. The mean normal blood level of many studies was 139 μg/L. There are indications that selenium from organic sources is more bioavailable than selenium from inorganic sources. Selenium is distributed throughout the body, including in breast milk. The elimination of selenium mainly involves the faecal and urinary pathways, whereas breath, saliva and hair are minor contributors. Urinary metabolites include trimethylselenium ions, selenosugars and Se-methylselenoneine.ConclusionSelenium is absorbed to a high extent, and selenium from organic sources is more bioavailable than from inorganic sources. Selenium, as expected as an essential trace element, is distributed throughout the body. Selenium is extensively metabolised, and various excretion metabolites have been identified in both urine and breath, while some selenium is also excreted via faeces. |
| |
| Keywords: | Biokinetics Se Nanoparticle Selenate Selenite Selenocystine Selenocysteine Selenomethionine Toxicity Toxicology Risk assessment |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
