Spore ultrastructural features and significance of their diverse ornamental elements in the evolutionary history of the order Trichiales (Myxomycetes,Amoebozoa) |
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| Institution: | 1. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain;2. Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain;1. College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;2. Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;3. Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;2. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaja nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;3. Interdisciplinary Resource Center for Nanotechnology, Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;1. Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, PR China;2. Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, PR China;1. University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, General Ecology, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany;2. Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Kemitorvet, Bygning 201, DK 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;1. Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UrB RAS, Center of Shared Scientific Equipment, Orenburg 460000, Russia;2. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Russia;3. AquaBioSafe Laboratory, University of Tyumen, Tyumen 625003, Russia;4. St. Petersburg State University, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;5. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Spores are the dispersal and reproductive units in Myxomycetes, and their ornamentation, usually at the light microscopy resolution limit, is taxonomically meaningful. Here, we analyze with scanning and transmission electron microscopy the spore ultrastructural features in Trichiales, one of the most morphologically diverse orders. In Trichiales, the spore wall consists of two layers, an outer one, including the ornamentation, and an inner layer subdivided into two sections. The diversity of ornamental elements includes verrucae, bacula, pila, muri, and cristae, the two latter creating reticulate patterns. Each of these elements defines a broadly recognized ornamentation type except cristae, from which we differentiate for the first time the cristate reticulate and patched subtypes. Besides, our results point out a previous incorrect classification of the spores of the species Trichia decipiens and T. scabra. Advances in Trichiales phylogeny showed that the capillitium ornamental elements, such as the spirals, do not reflect phylogenetic relationships among the species. The same seems to apply to some of spore ornamentation types, e.g., baculate. Consequently, we may consider the need to combine multiple characters, like the spore and capillitium ornamentation, so that Trichiales systematics better reflect the still cryptic phylogenetic affinities. |
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| Keywords: | Microscopy Phylogeny SEM Systematics TEM |
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