卵叶远志营养器官的结构及远志皂苷的组织化学定位和含量测定

应用植物解剖学、组织化学定位和高效液相色谱法，研究了卵叶远志各营养器官的结构、远志皂苷积累分布状态及含量变化。结果表明．卵叶远志的根包括周皮和次生维管组织两部分．周皮发达，次生韧皮部较厚，韧皮薄壁细胞为其主要成分。次生木质部中导管和纤维发达，导管分布密度较大。茎包括表皮、皮层、维管柱三部分，在皮层与韧皮部之间具有一圈排列紧密的厚壁细胞．推测这圈厚壁细胞具有质外体屏障作用．可保护茎组织免受干旱的伤害。叶为异面叶。根茎的结构表现为旱生特点。组织化学显示远志皂苷在根中分布在次生韧皮部和栓内层：在茎中分布在表皮、皮层和次生韧皮部细胞中：在叶中则分布在叶肉组织和表皮中。根的次生韧皮部为皂苷积累储存的主要场所。高效液相测定结果显示营养器官中都有远志皂苷元的积累．根中的含量高．茎叶中含量较低．说明卵叶远志地上部分也有药用价值。根据不同发育时期根和茎叶中皂苷元的动态变化趋势．建议在5月份（花果期）进行卵叶远志的采收。

THE STRUCTURE OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS,AND SAPONINS HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION AND CONTENT COMPARIZATION IN POLYGALA SIBIRICA L

Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemistry methods were used to investigate the structure of vegetative organs, and saponins localization and dynamic changes in Polygala sibirica L. The root consisted of developed periderm and secondary vascular. The secondary phloem was thick, and mainly composed of parenchyma. There were well-developed vessels and fibers in the secondary xylem. The stem was composed of epidermis, cortex and vascular bundle. The ring of scle-renchymatous cells lied between cortex and phloem might be the apoplastic protective screen which could protect the stem from drought. The leaf was bifacial one. The root and stem possessed characteristics adapting to arid environment. Histochemical localization results showed that saponins distributed in secondary phloem and phelloderm of root, in epidermis, cortex and phloem of stem, mainly in mesophyll of leaf. It displayed that saponins accumulated mainly in parenchyma cells of vegetative organs, among of which, the secondary phloem was the main storage site. The HPLC resuits also showed that the saponins accumulated in all the vegetative organs of Polygala sibirica L., with higher content in roots and lower content in the aerial part that included stems and leaves. The study indicated the aerial part of Polygala sibirica L. also had medicinal value. The saponins content had dynamic variance at the developmental stage, the crude drug should be gathered at period from April to May.