A molecular phylogeny of antarctic chironomidae and its implications for biogeographical history |
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Authors: | Giuliana Allegrucci Gianmaria Carchini Valentina Todisco Peter Convey Valerio Sbordoni |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata” via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy;(2) British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, CB3 0ET Cambridge, UK |
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Abstract: | The chironomid midges Belgica antarctica, Eretmoptera murphyi (subfamily Orthocladiinae) and Parochlus steinenii (subfamily Podonominae), are the only Diptera species currently found in Antarctica. The relationships between these species
and a range of further taxa of Chironomidae were examined by sequencing domains 1 and 3–5 of 28S ribosomal RNA. The resulting
molecular relationships between B. antarctica and E. murphyi, within Orthocladiinae, were highly supported by validation analyses, confirming their position within Chironomidae, as generated
by classical taxonomy. Within Podonominae, P. steinenii from the Maritime Antarctic was more closely related to material from sub-Antarctic South Georgia than to material from Patagonia.
Taking advantage of the availability of a molecular substitution rate calculated for this gene in Diptera, a dating of divergence
between our study taxa was tentatively established. The divergence dates obtained were 49 million years (Myr), between B. antarctica and E. murphyi, and 68.5 Myr between these species and the closest Orthocladiinae taxon tested from Patagonia, suggesting that B. antarctica and E. murphyi were representatives of an ancient lineage. As both are endemic to their respective tectonic microplates, their contemporary
distribution is, therefore, likely to have been shaped by vicariance rather than dispersal. |
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