Physiology and molecular mode of action of brassinosteroids |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;2. University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stankovic”, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;3. University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy;4. Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy;1. Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia;2. Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia;3. Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;1. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China;2. Guizhou Tobacco Science Institute, Tanbei Road, Jingyangxiaoqu, Guiyang 550081, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Brassinosteroids (BRs) comprise a group of polyhydroxysteroids, which show close structural similarity to steroid hormones from arthropods and mammals. BRs are now accepted as a new class of phytohormones due to their ubiquitous occurrence in plants, their highly effective elicitation of various responses and the identification of mutants defective in BR-biosynthesis or -response. Important steps of BR-biosynthesis were elucidated with precursor-feeding experiments and by the analysis of BR-biosynthesis-deficient mutants. The altered phenotypes of these mutants, particularly in Arabidopsis, revealed the essential nature of BRs for normal growth and development. A major role of BRs is the positive regulation of cell expansion. Furthermore, BRs modulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and to other phytohormones, and influence differentiation processes of cells and tissues. BR-insensitive mutants such as bri1 hold the potential for uncovering BR-signalling pathway(s) at the molecular level. The identification of BR-regulated genes demonstrates a genetic basis for BR mode of action with reference to their multiple effects. This review focuses on the relevance of BRs to the control of various physiological processes, BR-signalling and underlying molecular mechanisms by considering known mutants. |
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