CRISPR/Cas9系统在基因组DNA片段编辑中的应用

源于细菌和古菌的Ⅱ型成簇规律间隔短回文重复系统Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9),CRISPR/Cas9]近年被改造成为基因组定点编辑的新技术。由于它具有设计简单、操作方便、费用低廉等巨大优势,给遗传操作领域带来了一场革命性的改变。本文重点介绍了CRISPR/Cas9系统在基因组DNA片段靶向编辑方面的研究和应用,主要包括DNA片段的删除、反转、重复、插入和易位,这一有效的DNA片段编辑方法为研究基因功能、调控元件、组织发育和疾病发生发展提供了有力手段。本文最后展望了Ⅱ型CRISPR/Cas9系统的应用前景和其他类型CRISPR系统的应用潜力,为开展利用基因组DNA片段靶向编辑进行基因调控和功能研究提供参考。

DNA fragment editing of genomes by CRISPR/Cas9

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system from bacteria and archaea emerged recently as a new powerful technology of genome editing in virtually any organism. Due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness, a revolutionary change of genetics has occurred. Here, we summarize the recent development of DNA fragment editing methods by CRISPR/Cas9 and describe targeted DNA fragment deletions, inversions, duplications, insertions, and translocations. The efficient method of DNA fragment editing provides a powerful tool for studying gene function, regulatory elements, tissue development, and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 system and the potential applications of other types of CRISPR system.