人类免疫缺陷病毒初始传播病毒的鉴别及其表型特征

人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, HIV-1)简称艾滋病病毒,在粘膜传播过程中,病毒的遗传多样性是显著减少的。绝大多数的HIV-1粘膜感染由一个或者少数几个病毒建立并最终发展为系统感染,上述病毒称为初始传播病毒(Transmitted/founder virus, T/F virus)。通过对初始传播病毒表型特征的研究,可进一步了解病毒在新宿主体内成功复制的关键特性,为艾滋病疫苗的发展、暴露前预防及其他治疗性干预措施提供更好的策略。文章综述了初始传播病毒的发现、进化特征以及感染后初期宿主的免疫反应等,以期为深入研究初始传播病毒的特征提供理论基础。

Identification and characterization of HIV-1 transmitted /founder viruses

During the spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the mucosa, the entire genetic diversity of the viruses is significantly reduced. The vast majority of HIV-1 mucosal infections are established by one or a few viruses and ultimately develop into systemic infections, thus the initial virus is called transmitted/founder virus (T/F virus). The study of T/F virus will benefit understanding its key characteristics resulting in successful viral replication in the new host body, which may provide novel strategies for the development of AIDS vaccines, pre-exposure prophylaxis and other therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize the discovery and evolutionary characteristics of T/F virus as well as early immune response after HIV-1 infection, which will establish the basis to explore the features of T/F viruses.