Temporal-spatial characterization of chicken clock genes: circadian expression in retina,pineal gland,and peripheral tissues |
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Authors: | Chong Nelson W Chaurasia Shyam S Haque Rashidul Klein David C Iuvone P Michael |
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Institution: | Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Glenfield General Hospital, Clinical Sciences Wing, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK. nc69@le.ac.uk |
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Abstract: | The molecular core of the vertebrate circadian clock is a set of clock genes, whose products interact to control circadian changes in physiology. These clock genes are expressed in all tissues known to possess an endogenous self-sustaining clock, and many are also found in peripheral tissues. In the present study, the expression patterns of two clock genes, cBmal1 and cMOP4, were examined in the chicken, a useful model for analysis of the avian circadian system. In two tissues which contain endogenous clocks--the pineal gland and retina--circadian fluctuations of both cBmal1 and cMOP4 mRNAs were observed to be synchronous; highest levels occurred at Zeitgeber time 12. Expression of these genes is also rhythmic in several peripheral tissues; however, the phases of these rhythms differ from those in the pineal gland and retina: in the liver the peaks of cMOP4 and cBmal1 mRNAs are delayed 4-8 h and in the heart they are advanced by 4 h, relative to those in the pineal gland and retina. These results provide the first temporal characterization of cBmal1 and cMOP4 mRNAs in avian tissues: their presence in avian peripheral tissues indicates they may influence temporal features of daily rhythms in biochemical, physiological, and behavioral functions at these sites. |
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Keywords: | Bmal1 circadian rhythm MOP4 peripheral oscillators pineal gland retina |
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