青藏高原高山植被的初步研究

青藏高原是我国高山植被类型最丰富、独特和分布最广泛的区域，发育有大面积的高山灌丛、高寒草甸、高寒草原，高寒荒漠、高山流石坡稀疏植被及零散分布的高山垫状植被。它们占据着森林上线至永久雪线之间的高山带和广阔的高原面，从高原东南部至西北部有水平方向的地域分异。联系高山带以下各垂直带的植被特征及各地的气候条件分析，初步认为高原东南部的山地植被垂直带谱属于湿润型山地垂直带结构类型，高原腹地及西北部的山地植被垂直带谱属于干旱型山地垂直带结构类型。此外，还对青藏高原高山植被类型的丰富性及高山垫状植被的生态地理分布特点进行了初步探讨。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON ALPINE VEGETATION OF THE QINGHAI-XIZANG (TIBET) PLATEAU

The Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau is unique area in natural condition, there alpine vegetation is the richest and the widest distribution, the main types are the alpine scrub, the high-cold meadow, the high-cold steppe, the high-cold desert and sparse vegetation on alpine flowstone slope and the alpine cushion vegetation. These plant communities occupy the alpine belts between the upper line of forest and the permanent snow-line, and they distributively have horizontal regional differentiation from the southeast to the northwest of the Plateau. According to the vegetation characteristics of the vertical belts of mountains and climate condition of the various regions of the Plateau, it may be considered that the vertical vegetation belt spectra of the mountains in the southeast part of the Plateau belong to the humid type of the vertical belt in structure, and those in the center and the northwestern parts of the Plateau belong to the arid type. In addition, the diversity of alpine vegetation and the ecologic-geographic distribution of the alpine cushion vegetation are also discussed in this paper.