Avian predation on ringed seal Phoca hispida pups |
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| Authors: | Christian Lydersen Thomas G. Smith |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Norwegian Polar Research Institute, Lufthavn, P.O. Box 158, N-1330 Oslo, Norway;(2) Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Arctic Biological Station, 555 St. Pierre Blvd, H9X 3R4 Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada;(3) Present address: Bioenergetikkgruppen, Biologisk Institutt, Universitetet i Oslo, P.O. Box 1051, N-0316 Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway |
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| Abstract: | Summary Ringed seals, Phoca hispida, born in exposed situations are killed by glaucous gulls, Larus hyperboreus. The small size of ringed seals adapted to giving birth in snow shelters makes them especially vulnerable to avian predators when born outside the lair. This might be one of the important factors in limiting the southern range of breeding in this seal species. |
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