The gastrointestinal microbiome: a malleable, third genome of mammals |
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Authors: | Ian M Carroll David W Threadgill Deborah S Threadgill |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;(2) Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;(3) Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;(4) Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7615, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA |
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Abstract: | The nonpathogenic, mutualistic bacteria of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract provide a number of benefits to the host.
Recent reports have shown how the aggregate genomes of gastrointestinal bacteria provide novel benefits by functioning as
the third major genome in mammals along with the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Consequently, efforts are underway to
elucidate the complexity of the organisms comprising the unique ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as those
associated with other epidermal surfaces. The current knowledge of the gastrointestinal microbiome, its relationship to human
health and disease with a particular focus on mammalian physiology, and efforts to alter its composition as a novel therapeutic
approach are reviewed. |
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