Cutting edge: early IFN-gamma signaling directly enhances primary antiviral CD4+ T cell responses |
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Authors: | Whitmire Jason K Benning Nicola Whitton J Lindsay |
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Institution: | Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. |
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Abstract: | IFN-gamma drives CD4+ T cell differentiation toward the Th1 phenotype (Th1) and suppresses Th2 development. Current evidence indicates that IFN-gamma inhibits T cell proliferation and decreases T cell survival. In contrast to the above, we show here that antiviral CD4+ T cell generation after infection is reduced in the absence of IFN-gamma signals. The deficient expansion of cells was not due to perturbations in T cell sensitivity to peptide or to altered migratory patterns through nonlymphoid tissues. Instead, IFN-gamma enhanced early antiviral CD4 responses largely through direct signals into these cells. Our data challenge prevailing dogma and have implications for how the sizes of the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses are established. |
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