非人灵长类个体的迁移与扩散

迁移现象在群居动物中普遍存在、在非人灵长类中尤为突出。在非人灵长类中,大多数的迁移表现出强烈的雄性偏向性和雌性不进行迁移的形式。在一些少数的物种中,也存在雌雄双方都进行迁移以及雌性偏向性迁移而雄性不迁移的形式。群居种类、一夫一妻制种类、独居种类的迁移模式上各有特色且不尽相同,这是动物社群结构多样性的体现。驱赶和异性的吸引是推动个体迁移的两大动力,驱赶多发生在一雄多雌的社群中,异性吸引多发生在无亲缘关系的个体之间。个体迁移过程,是个体付出与收益的平衡。迁移不仅是非人灵长类动物生活史中的一个重要环节,同时在不同种群间个体基因交流上也有明显的作用。

The Individual Dispersal in Non-human Primates

Dispersal in some group-living animals have been reported, especially in non-human primates. Most primates species show male dispersal and female philopatry in their habitat. In a small number of species also show both sexes dispersal or females dispersal rather than males. There are some special dispersal models in solitary specie, monogamous specie and gregarious specie. The different model reflects different social organization. Individuals are forced to dispersal as the result of eviction and sexual attraction. Eviction occurs in male in one-male group and sexual attraction occurs between unfamiliar mates. The process of individual dispersal is a balance of cost and benefit Not only dispersal is a very important step of animal life history, but also it contributes to individual gene intercourse between different populations.