Improved detection methods for fruit tree phytoplasmas |
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Authors: | Maria Heinrich Simona Botti Licia Caprara Wolfgang Arthofer Sabine Strommer Veronika Hanzer Hermann Katinger Assunta Bertaccini Margit Laimer Da Câmara Machado |
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Affiliation: | (1) Plant Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University for Agricultural Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria;(2) DiSTA-Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, via F. Re, 8, I-40126 Bologna, Italy |
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Abstract: | Phytoplasmas infecting fruit trees are considered quarantine organisms in Europe and North America. Detection often is hampered
by their extremely irregular distribution in host plants. A sensitive, specific and quick diagnostic test would be highly
desirable for routine detection, mainly to avoid using infected planting material. PCR methods require tedious preparation
of DNA; also, the available primers are highly specific and exhibit some homology to chloroplast and plastid DNA. To address
these problems, we compared several DNA preparation protocols for purity of DNA, cost and time required. We also developed
new primers using rDNA sequence information from an Austrian isolate of European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY). These primers
operate at high annealing temperatures and, thus, increase the specificity and decrease the risk of false positives. The primers
could reliably detect the European phytoplasmas (AP, ESFY and PD) within a collection of isolates maintained in micropropagated
periwinkle. Thus, they are suitable as general primers for phytoplasma detection. The primers also can be used for strain
identification by direct PCR followed by RFLP analysis as demonstrated with micropropagated fruit tree material. Finally,
an IC-PCR method that uses the primers for AP detection was found very sensitive and suitable for large-scale testing of apple
materialin vivo andin vitro. |
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Keywords: | apple apricot fruit trees in vitro cultures pathogen detection phytoplasmas |
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