皖北地区土壤中不同形态氟含量及其影响因素

以皖北地区广泛分布的潮土、砂姜黑土、水稻土等为材料,采用连续化学提取的方法,研究了土壤中不同形态氟的含量、土体分布以及土壤氟形态与土壤理化性质的关系·结果表明:皖北地区土壤全氟含量为265·8～612·8mg·kg-1,平均含量为423·7mg·kg-1,土壤全氟含量高低排序为菜园土>潮土>水稻土>砂姜黑土>黄棕壤,菜地土壤存在氟积累现象.土壤氟主要以残余态氟形式存在,占土壤全氟的95%以上;其次为水溶态氟,占土壤全氟的1·5%左右;有机态氟、铁锰氧化物态氟和交换态氟含量均较少.28个土壤样本的水溶态氟含量范围为1·35～17·98mg·kg-1,平均含量为6·62mg·kg-1,含量较低的是硅质黄棕壤,含量较高的是菜地土壤、潮土和砂姜黑土.土壤水溶态氟含量与土壤pH和土壤有效磷含量呈极显著正相关,与土壤全磷含量呈显著正相关;土壤交换态氟与土壤物理性粘粒和小于0·001mm土粒含量呈极显著正相关;铁锰结合态氟与土壤全磷含量呈显著正相关;有机态氟与土壤有机质含量呈极显著正相关.对土壤氟形态与土壤性质的逐步回归表明,土壤pH,有效磷、有机质、全磷和物理性粘粒含量是影响土壤氟形态分布的主要因素,其中,土壤pH的影响最大.土壤水溶态氟含量与土壤母质有关,在浅湖沼相沉积物上形成的土壤水溶态氟含量最高,平均含量为9·05mg·kg-1;其次为在黄河冲积物上形成的土壤,平均含量为8·12mg·kg-1;在晚更新世黄土母质上形成的土壤水溶态氟平均含量为2·97mg·kg-1;在淮河冲积物上形成的土壤和轻质黄棕壤水溶态氟含量分别为2·05和1·91mg·kg-1.在土体中,土壤有机态氟和铁锰氧化物态氟含量随土层深度增加而减少,菜地土壤上部土层的全氟和水溶态氟含量均高于底土.

Contents of different soil fluorine forms in North Anhui and their affecting factors

By the method of consecutive extraction, this paper studied the contents and vertical distribution of soil fluorine (F) forms in North Anhui, with their relations to the soil physical and chemical properties analyzed. The results showed that the soil total F (T-F) content in North Anhui was ranged from 265.8 mg . kg(-1) to 612.8 mg . kg(-1), with an average of 423.7 mg . kg(-1), and decreased in the sequence of vegetable soil > fluvo-aquic soil > paddy soil > shajiang black soil > yellow brown soil. Among the T-F, residual F (Res-F) was the main form, occupying > 95% of total F, followed by water soluble F (Ws-F), being about 1.5% of the total, and organic-F (Or-F), Fe and Mn oxide-F (Fe/Mn-F) and exchangeable-F (Ex-F) only had very small amount. The Ws-F content in test soils ranged from 1.35 mg . kg(-1) to 17.98 mg . kg(-1), with a mean value of 6.62 mg . kg(-1). Vegetable soil, fluvo-aquic soil and shajiang black soil had a relatively higher content of Ws-F, while yellow brown soil was in adverse. Soil pH and the contents of soil organic matter, total and available phosphorus, and physical clay were the main factors affecting the contents of various F forms. Soil Ws-F was significantly positively correlated with soil pH and soil total and available phosphorus, soil Ex-F was significantly positively correlated with soil clay ( < 0.01 mm and <0.001 mm), soil Fe/Mn-F was significantly positively correlated with soil total phosphorus, and soil Or-F had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter. Soil Ws-F content also had a close connection to the parent material. The soil developed from shallow lacustrine and marsh sediments usually had the highest Ws-F content, followed by those developed from Huang River alluvial deposit, Q3 loess, Huaihe River alluvial deposit, and light-texture yellow brown soil, with the mean Ws-F content being 9.05, 8.12, 2.97, 2.05 and 1.91 mg . kg(-1), respectively. The contents of soil Or-F and Fe/Mn-F decreased with increasing soil depth, and those of T-F and Ws-F in vegetable soil were higher in upper than in deeper soil layers.