The cancer secretome,current status and opportunities in the lung,breast and colorectal cancer context |
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Authors: | Tieneke BM Schaaij-Visser Meike de Wit Siu W Lam Connie R Jiménez |
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Institution: | 1. OncoProteomics Laboratory, Dept. of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Division of Molecular Genetics and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Despite major improvements on the knowledge and clinical management, cancer is still a deadly disease. Novel biomarkers for better cancer detection, diagnosis and treatment prediction are urgently needed. Proteins secreted, shed or leaking from the cancer cell, collectively termed the cancer secretome, are promising biomarkers since they might be detectable in blood or other biofluids. Furthermore, the cancer secretome in part represents the tumor microenvironment that plays a key role in tumor promoting processes such as angiogenesis and invasion. The cancer secretome, sampled as conditioned medium from cell lines, tumor/tissue interstitial fluid or tumor proximal body fluids, can be studied comprehensively by nanoLC-MS/MS-based approaches. Here, we outline the importance of current cancer secretome research and describe the mass spectrometry-based analysis of the secretome. Further, we provide an overview of cancer secretome research with a focus on the three most common cancer types: lung, breast and colorectal cancer. We conclude that the cancer secretome research field is a young, but rapidly evolving research field. Up to now, the focus has mainly been on the discovery of novel promising secreted cancer biomarker proteins. An interesting finding that merits attention is that in cancer unconventional secretion, e.g. via vesicles, seems increased. Refinement of current approaches and methods and progress in clinical validation of the current findings are vital in order to move towards applications in cancer management. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome. |
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Keywords: | LC-MS/MS liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry MS mass spectrometry SCLC small cell lung cancer NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer AC adenocarcinoma SCC squamous cell carcinoma NAF nipple aspirate fluid TIF tumor/tissue interstitial fluid CM conditioned medium (M)PE (malignant) pleural effusion 2D-(DI)GE two-dimensional (difference in) gel electrophoresis 1D-GE one-dimensional gel electrophoresis miR microRNA WB western blot SRM selected reaction monitoring NIF normal interstitial fluid IHC immunohistochemistry |
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