The Association Between Tumor Tissue Calcification,Obesity, and Thyroid Cancer Invasiveness In A Cohort Study |
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| Institution: | 1. From the Division of Thyroid Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Thyroid Disease Prevention and Control, Changchun, Jilin Province, China;2. Division for Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi,” University Hospital G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.;1. Dept. of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;2. Sleep Center, Dept. of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Diseases, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy;3. Dept. of Cardiology, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy;1. Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Lennik Street, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;2. Department of Applied Mathematics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), Russia;3. Department of Surgery, University of Lubumbashi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo;4. Department of Orthopaedic, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium;1. From the Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Unit of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;3. Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Pisa, Italy.;4. Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Anatomic Pathology Section, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.;1. Department of Endocrinology, La Conception Hospital, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France. |
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| Abstract: | Objective: We examined the relationships between tumor tissue calcifications of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), body mass index (BMI), and tumor invasiveness.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 13,995 patients with PTC. Comparisons were made between the clinical and pathologic features of the tumor tissue calcifications group and non–tumor tissue calcifications group. Odds ratios (ORs) of tumor tissue calcifications, BMI, and tumor invasiveness features were calculated using a binary logistic regression model. We analyzed the relationship between tumor tissue calcifications and certain characteristics of thyroid cancer based on the pathologic findings.Results: BMI was positively correlated with tumor tissue calcifications in patients with PTC (OR, 1.015; P = .011), and obesity increased the risk of tumor tissue calcifications (OR, 1.374; P = .038). Calcifications were positively correlated with T-size (OR, 1.899; P<.001), multifocality (OR, 1.217; P<.001), extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (OR, 1.287; P<.001), high T-stage (OR, 1.765; P<.001), N+ (OR, 1.763; P<.001), and a higher number of lymph node metastases (OR, 1.985; P<.001). Compared with normal-weight patients with tumor tissue calcifications, obese patients with tumor tissue calcifications had an increased risk of ETE (ORobesity, 1.765 vs. ORnormal, 1.300) and N+ (ORobesity, 1.992 vs. ORnormal, 1.784).Conclusion: Tumor tissue calcifications are positively correlated with the invasiveness of PTC. Obesity further promotes the risk of tumor invasiveness in PTC combined with tumor tissue calcifications. These findings suggest that more comprehensive evaluations by trained pathologists may help physicians identify the optimal therapeutic regimens in the postoperative period.Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; ETE = extrathyroidal extension; FT3 = free triiodothyronine; OR = odds ratio; PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma; RET = rearranged during transfection; TTC = tumor tissue calcification; US = ultrasonography; USC = ultrasonography calcification; WHO = World Health Organization |
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