ProGRP as a Novel Biomarker for the Differential Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Patients with Thyroid Nodules |
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| Affiliation: | 1. From the Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University;2. Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University;3. Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital, Fujian Medical University;4. The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Xiamen University;5. Ultrasound Department, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University;6. General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.;2. Diabetes Center of Excellence, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas;3. Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas.;1. From the Thyroid Center, Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Center for Thyroid Diseases, Shanghai, People''s Republic of China;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People''s Republic of China;3. Department of Medical Management, Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People''s Republic of China;4. Department of Breast Surgery, XuZhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, People''s Republic of China.;1. From Consultant Endocrinologist, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bermuda;2. Honorary Senior Lecturer in Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;3. Medical Student, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Bermuda.;1. Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Methods, Prague, Czech Republic;2. Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;3. SK-Lab, Ltd., Lučenec, Slovakia |
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| Abstract: | Objective: To investigate the release of progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) in patients with thyroid nodules and the value of ProGRP in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid (FNA-ProGRP) in the differential diagnosis between medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and non-MTC thyroid nodules.Methods: We investigated 2,446 healthy persons and 212 patients with 235 thyroid nodules. They were classified into healthy, nodular goiter, chronic thyroiditis, thyroid follicular neoplasm, papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. The serum ProGRP and FNA-ProGRP were measured.Results: The serum ProGRP median concentration in MTC was 124.40 pg/mL, significantly higher than in other groups. The cutoff value of serum ProGRP was 68.30 pg/mL, leading to 53.85% sensitivity, 96.98% specificity, and 0.51 kappa value in MTC. The FNA-ProGRP median concentration in MTC nodules was 2,096.00 pg/mL, significantly higher than in other groups. A receiver operating characteristic analysis of MTC nodules and non-MTC nodules indicated that the cutoff value was 22.77 pg/mL, leading to 94.12% sensitivity, 98.27% specificity, and 0.85 kappa value.Conclusion: FNA-ProGRP measurement could be served as an ancillary method for the differential diagnosis between MTC and non-MTC thyroid nodules.Abbreviations: CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; CT = calcitonin; FNAC = fine-needle aspiration cytology; FNA-CT = calcitonin in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid; FNA-ProGRP = ProGRP in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid; MTC = medullary thyroid carcinoma; ProGRP = progastrin-releasing peptide; SCLC = small-cell lung cancer; TM = tumor marker |
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