Genetic divergence among Bradyrhizobium strains nodulating wild and cultivated Kummerowia spp. in China |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Life Science and Horqin Plant Stress Biology Research Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China;3. College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobium Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;4. Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D. F. 11340, México;5. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;1. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain;2. Unidad Asociada Universidad de Salamanca – CSIC ‘Interacción Planta-Microorganismo’, Salamanca, Spain;3. Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Lab. 209, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus M. Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain;4. Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Oujda and Polydisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed I University, Morocco;5. Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Zoología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela;1. Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China;2. Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China;1. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy;2. Institute of Earth Systems, Division of Rural Sciences Food Systems, University of Malta, Msida, Malta |
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| Abstract: | Distribution of rhizobial species is affected by geographical isolation and selected by leguminous hosts, however, little is known about the molecular evolution of rhizobia nodulating the same legume in different eco-environments. In present study, the microevolution of Bradyrhizobium associated with the leguminous grass Kummerowia grown in exurban areas and cultivated in urban areas in China was investigated. Total 14 genospecies, including seven new groups, were identified based on a concatenated sequence analysis of taxonomic markers (SMc00019, truA and thrA) for 94 representative strains. Results demonstrated that lower levels of nucleotide diversity were found in the strains isolated from urban areas compared with those isolated from exurban areas, based on the evolutional analyses of three housekeeping genes (atpD, glnII and recA), two symbiosis-related genes (nodC and nifH), and the taxonomic markers. Moreover, compared with urban areas, gene exchange and recombination occurred more frequently among the genospecies isolated from exurban areas, regardless of the geographical distribution. Finally, the evolutionary lineage of Bradyrhizobium strains isolated from urban areas was independent of that of the strains isolated from exurban areas. In summary, the evolutionary history of Kummerowia bradyrhizobia may have been gradually segregated to different evolutionary lineages, irrespective of distinct biogeography. |
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| Keywords: | Microevolution Phylogeny Recombination Urban segregation |
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