Molecular phylogeny of the nutmeg shells (Neogastropoda, Cancellariidae) |
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Authors: | Modica Maria Vittoria Bouchet Philippe Cruaud Corinne Utge José Oliverio Marco |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 32, 00185 Roma, Italy;b Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138, 55 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;c GENOSCOPE, Centre National de Séquençage, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP 5706, 91057 Evry Cedex, France;d Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Service de Systématique Moléculaire (CNRS-MNHN, UMS2700), 57 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France |
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Abstract: | Cancellariidae, or nutmeg shells, is a family of marine gastropods that feed on the body fluids and the egg cases of marine animals. The 300 or so living species are distributed worldwide, mostly on soft bottoms, from intertidal to depths of about 1000 m. Although they are a key group for the understanding of neogastropod evolution, they are still poorly known in terms of anatomy, ecology and systematics. This paper reports the first mitochondrial multi-gene phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. Data were collected for 50 morphospecies, representative of 22 genera belonging to the three currently recognized subfamilies. Sequences from three genes (12S, 16S and COI) were analyzed with Maximum Likelihood analysis and Bayesian Inference, both as single gene datasets and in two partitioned concatenated alignment. Largely consistent topologies were obtained and discussed with respect to the traditional subfamilial arrangements. The obtained phylogenetic trees were also used to produce Robinson-Foulds supertrees. Our results confirmed the monophyly of the subfamily Plesiotritoninae, while Admetinae and Cancellariinae, as currently conceived, were retrieved as polyphyletic. Based on our findings we propose changes to the systematic arrangement of these subfamilies. At a lower taxonomic rank, our results highlighted the rampant homoplasy of many characters traditionally used to segregate genera, and thus the need of a critical re-evaluation of the contents of many genera (e.g. Nipponaphera, Merica, Sydaphera, Bivetia), the monophyly of which was not recovered. |
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Keywords: | 12S 16S COI Neogastropoda Cancellariidae Phylogeny Maximum Likelihood Bayesian analysis Robinson– Foulds supertree |
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