Biomechanical and metabolic responses to seat-tube angle variation during cycling in tri-athletes |
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| Authors: | Maria Cristina Bisi Mattia Ceccarelli Federico Riva Rita Stagni |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK;2. School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK;1. Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK;2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;3. Wessex Deanery, Southern House, Ottobourne, Hampshire, UK;4. University of Newcastle, Consultant Maxillofacial surgeon, The John Hunter Hospital, Australia;1. English Institute of Sport, Manchester, United Kingdom;2. Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, United Kingdom;3. Golf College, Dunchy College, Cornwall, United Kingdom;4. Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa;1. School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China;2. Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;3. Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;4. Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA;5. State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China;6. Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | One of the most physically demanding parts of triathlon is the transition from cycling to running. Many tri-athletes believe that increasing seat-tube angle (STA) can bring advantages in the following running part. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inverting the support of the seat, for increasing STA, on the metabolic response and on the muscle activation pattern, maintaining a controlled kinematic. Moreover, a muscle-skeletal model was applied to evaluate the hypothesis that increasing STA changes force-producing capabilities of muscles crossing the hip.Ten tri-athletes cycled at two different power levels and with two different STA’s. Gas exchange data, kinematics and surface electromyography (sEMG) were acquired during the tests. sEMG was measured from eight muscles of the right side of the body. A model of muscle mechanics and energy expenditure was applied to estimate variations of force production capabilities and muscle energy consumption between the two STA configurations.Inverting the support of the seat showed no significant effects on kinematic, Oxygen consumption, muscle activations and muscle power production capabilities. Nevertheless, an interesting advantage can be the tendency to less activate gastrocnemius and biceps femoris: this could lead to minor muscle fatigue during the following running phase. |
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