中药山楂原植物的研究

山楂为传统中药,也是保健食品山楂饼等的主要原料,通过对一些省、市、县的商品药材山楂及其原植物的调查,发现中药山楂的原植物有5种1变种,他们是:山楂、山里红(变种)、野山楂、云南山楂、光萼林檎(新种)和台湾林檎,均隶属于蔷薇科。本文提供中药山楂原植物分种检索表,新分类群的描述,药材性状主要鉴别特征和资源分布等。

STUDY ON THE ORIGINAL PLANTS OF CHINESE DRUG SHANZHA

Shanzha is a commercial name for the fruits of several species of the genera Crataegus and Malus (Fam. Rosaceae). It is a traditional Chinees drug, chiefly used in hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, hepatitis with a satisfactory effect, and it is the main raw material to make foods Shanzhabing, too. In order to make sure of the botanical origin of Shanzha, we have made a survey and investigation of this Chinese drug Shanzha. The author have carefully identified the samples of commercial drug and specimens. It has been found that the botanical origins of Shanzha are 6 species and 1 vatiety. They are: Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, C. pinnattfida Bunge var. major N E Br. (Commercial name Beishanzha, mainly from Northeast and North China), C. cuneata Sieb. et Zucc. (commercial name Nanshanzha, mainly from Central and South districts), C. scabrifolia (Fr ) Rehd (commercal name Yunzha, mainly form Southwestern and Northwestern in Guangxi), Malus doumeri (Bois ) Chev , M.leiocalyca S.Z Huang, sp nov (commercial name Guangshanzha, mainly from South China and Wuyishan (Fujian), Lushan (Jjangxi), Huangshna (Anhwei) A key to species, their distribution, the botanic origins of Shanzha and their morphological characteristics are provided in the present paper.