设施化专用香菇种质资源挖掘

以香菇L808菌株基因组序列为参照，开发了300份插入/缺失(InDel)标记。通过5个菌株的初筛，选出均匀分布于基因组的82份多态标记对42份香菇种质资源进行遗传背景分析。同时在设施化栽培条件下考察了种质资源的生育期、菌棒转色、菌棒硬度、现蕾期和产量等表型。结果表明：供试香菇种质资源的遗传多样性丰富，栽培菌株与野生菌株的遗传距离较远，遗传相似性系数平均值为0.51。群体结构分析将种质资源分为6个亚群，与基于遗传距离的系统聚类结果较为一致。亚群间菌株具有较远的亲缘关系，遗传分化指数平均值为0.290，适合用于杂交育种。表型结果显示，设施化栽培条件下的种质资源农艺性状分化程度高，亚群间菌株的生育期、现蕾期和产量均有显著差异。种质资源多样性分析结果为香菇杂交育种工作奠定了基础。

Excavation of special germplasm resources for facility cultivation of Lentinula edodes

Based on the genome sequence of Lentinula edodes strain L808, 300 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers were developed. Through the preliminary screening of five strains, 82 polymorphic markers evenly distributed on the genome were selected to analyze the genetic background of 42 L. edodes germplasm resources. Under the condition of facility cultivation, the phenotypes of germplasm resources such as growth period, colouring of log, hardness of log, budding stage and yield were investigated. The results showed that the genetic diversity level of L. edodes germplasm resources was high. The genetic distance between cultivated strains and wild strains was far, and the average value of genetic similarity coefficient was 0.51. Population structure analysis divided the germplasm resources into six subpopulations, which was consistent with the result of systematic clustering based on genetic distance. The average genetic differentiation index was 0.290, indicating the selected germplasm resources were suitable for cross breeding. The phenotypic results showed that the agronomic characters varied among strains under facility cultivation, and growth period, budding stage and yield of strains among subpopulations were significantly different. The results of diversity analysis provide a basis for the cross breeding of L. edodes.