基于基因组SNPs对东亚家马不同群体遗传多样性的评估

家马地方品种的遗传多样性是动态演变的, 并与其育种模式息息相关; 在过去约300年中, 育种者培育了具突出表型特征的标准化培育品种, 该类型品种对家马地方品种的繁育产生了巨大影响, 这是导致家马地方品种遗传多样性下降及遗传分化的主要因素之一。本研究采集了5个东亚家马地方品种(蒙古马、哈萨克马、河曲马、藏马和西南马)、2个西亚家马品种(阿拉伯马和阿哈尔捷金马)以及2个欧洲家马品种(设特兰矮马和克莱斯黛尔马)的70个样品, 并整合之前所发表的100匹内蒙古地区家马不同群体单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)数据集, 通过全基因组重测序和生物信息学方法分析了东亚家马不同群体的遗传多样性。研究发现东亚家马地方品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性, 相比欧洲和西亚品种产生了显著的遗传分化, 其中蒙古高原群体的遗传多样性最为丰富; 受杂交改良影响, 内蒙古不同群体间产生了一定程度的遗传分化; 河曲马和藏马的遗传背景最为单一, 受引种杂交繁育影响较小。本研究评估了东亚家马地方品种的遗传多样性分布格局和演化特征, 可为建立家马地方种质核心保护群体以及培育新品种提供遗传学理论支持。

Assessment of SNPs-based genomic diversity in different populations of Eastern Asian landrace horses

Aims: The genetic diversity within landrace horse breeds changes over time and is greatly affected by breeding strategies. In the past 300 years, standardized horse breeds have been bred for prominent traits, and these breeds have been then largely introduced to improve the landrace populations which has been resulted in the reduced genetic diversity or genetic differentiation within landrace population. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Eastern Asian landrace horse populations which will constitute the basis for the conservation of landrace horse genomic resources as well as breeding of new strain of horses.