红托鬼笔黄水病病原鬼笔复膜孢酵母侵染过程的组织学观察

红托鬼笔黄水病是一种由鬼笔复膜孢酵母引起的致灾性土传病害,极难防治。本研究通过探索获得高质量红托鬼笔组织石蜡切片技术的基础上,对幼担子果生长期病原接种后第8、16、24、32、40、48和72 h进行组织取样,利用Van-clear透明剂制备石蜡切片,观察病原的侵染过程,以健康的幼担子果做对照。结果表明：健康的红托鬼笔包被表面菌丝呈管状,与包被中部菌丝结构无明显差异。而接种病原后第8 h时,即可观察到病原细胞和假丝形成,包被表面菌丝萎缩、褐变,病原细胞通过菌丝间隙向内扩散和侵染,侵染速度18.14 μm/h。接种后32 h包被表面菌丝大量降解,主要是病原细胞和假丝存在,此时病原可以侵染至包被中部菌丝组织。接种后40 h幼担子果表面分泌黄色渗出物液滴,包被表面开始溃烂,病原侵染至幼担子果包被胶质层,并不断向内侵染。本研究采用石蜡切片法对黄水病病原的侵染过程进行了组织学观察,为其致病机制和病害综合防治研究提供借鉴。

Histological observation on the infection process of Phallus rubrovolvatus yellow rot pathogen Saccharomycopsis phalli

Yellow rot of Phallus rubrovolvatus is a soil-borne disease caused by Saccharomycopsis phalli (as “phalluae”), which is extremely difficult to control. In this study, based on paraffin section technology, high-quality tissuse samples of P. rubrovolvatus were collected in 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 72 h after inoculation of pathogen in the growing period of young basidiocarp. Paraffin sections were prepared with Van-clear transparent agent to observe the infection process of S. phalli, and healthy young basidiocarp were used as control. The results showed that the mycelia on the surface of healthy peridium was tubular and not obviously different from the mycelia in the middle of peridium. After inoculation, the pathogen cells and pseudohyphae can be observed in 8 h. Mycelia on the surface of peridium atrophy and become brownish, and the pathogen diffuse through intermycelial space at the infection rate of 18.14 μm/h. In 32 h after inoculation, the mycelia on the surface of peridium were largely degraded, and replaced by pathogenic cells and pseudohyphae. The pathogen could invade to the mycelial tissue in middle of peridium. In 40 h, yellow exudate droplets covered the surface of peridium, and the surface of peridium began ulceration. The pathogen infected the gelatinous layer of young basidiocarp and continued inward. This study provides references for further pathogenesis observation and integrated control of the disease.