Regulation of the Cardiac Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger by the
Endogenous XIP Region
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Authors: | Satoshi Matsuoka Debora A Nicoll Zhaoping He Kenneth D Philipson |
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Institution: | From the *Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-01, Japan; and ‡Department of Physiology, §Department of Medicine, and ‖‖Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California at Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1760 |
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Abstract: | The cardiac sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is modulated by intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. A
large intracellular loop of the exchanger participates in the regulatory responses. We have proposed (Li, Z., D.A.
Nicoll, A. Collins, D.W. Hilgemann, A.G. Filoteo, J.T. Penniston, J.N. Weiss, J.M. Tomich, and K.D. Philipson.
1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1014–1020) that a segment of the large intracellular loop, the endogenous XIP region, has
an autoregulatory role in exchanger function. We now test this hypothesis by mutational analysis of the XIP region. Nine XIP-region mutants were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and all displayed altered regulatory properties.
The major alteration was in a regulatory mechanism known as Na+-dependent inactivation. This inactivation is
manifested as a partial decay in outward Na+-Ca2+ exchange current after application of Na+ to the intracellular
surface of a giant excised patch. Two mutant phenotypes were observed. In group 1 mutants, inactivation was
markedly accelerated; in group 2 mutants, inactivation was completely eliminated. All mutants had normal Na+ affinities. Regulation of the exchanger by nontransported, intracellular Ca2+ was also modified by the XIP-region
mutations. Binding of Ca2+ to the intracellular loop activates exchange activity and also decreases Na+-dependent
inactivation. XIP-region mutants were all still regulated by Ca2+. However, the apparent affinity of the group 1 mutants for regulatory Ca2+ was decreased. The responses of all mutant exchangers to Ca2+ application or removal
were markedly accelerated. Na+-dependent inactivation and regulation by Ca2+ are interrelated and are not completely independent processes. We conclude that the endogenous XIP region is primarily involved in movement
of the exchanger into and out of the Na+-induced inactivated state, but that the XIP region is also involved in regulation by Ca2+. |
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Keywords: | Na+-Ca2+ exchange exchanger inhibitory peptide mutagenesis giant excised patch |
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